Solar energy generation in India offers significant ecological and economic advantages.
India, with its vast sunlight, has a significant potential for solar energy generation. According to the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE), the country's solar potential is estimated to be about 748 GW. This abundant resource is being harnessed effectively through various government initiatives.
One such initiative is the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), launched on 11th January, 2010. The mission, a major initiative of the Government of India, aims to promote sustainable growth while addressing energy security challenges. Through this mission, India has achieved 119.02 GW of installed solar capacity by the end of July 2025.
The PM-KUSUM scheme, another government programme, is enhancing rural electrification, particularly in states like Bihar, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. Solar energy generation in India is not only contributing to energy security but also providing economic benefits. The sector employment in manufacturing, installation, and maintenance is growing, saving an estimated ₹1.26 lakh crore (₹1.26 trillion) in foreign exchange annually.
Solar energy generation in India offers substantial ecological benefits as well. For instance, the NTPC Ramagundam Floating Solar plant in Telangana saves water and avoids annual emission of 210,000 tons CO2. The Omkareshwar Floating Solar Park in Madhya Pradesh minimizes land degradation and water use compared to coal-based power. The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan prevents millions of tonnes of CO2 emissions and uses arid land unsuitable for farming.
Moreover, solar energy is a significant aspect of India's power generation. The country receives approximately 4-7 kWh per square meter of energy per day on most of its land area, making it a viable and sustainable source of power. Solar energy has been central to India's National Action Plan on Climate Change and the National Solar Mission (NSM).
Off-grid decentralized and low-temperature applications are advantageous from a rural application perspective and for meeting other energy needs for power, heating, and cooling in both rural and urban areas. Solar energy generation in India supports sustainable development, offering substantial ecological benefits and contributing to energy security and economic growth.
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